American Law for Foreign-Trained Lawyers

LAW 2062 v00 Advanced Legal and Scholarly Writing

LL.M Seminar | 1 credit hour

As a complement to your law school seminar, the goal of Advanced Legal and Scholarly Writing (ALSW) is to help you become a better legal researcher and writer. In ALSW your professor leads you through drafting a scholarly paper in English, from selecting a topic to finalizing a full draft. You will submit several writing assignments that map onto your seminar paper, culminating in submitting your best final draft. 

Note: This course is graded on an honors/pass/fail basis. This course is only open to LL.M. students and MLT students.

ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY AT ALL CLASS SESSIONS. Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist. All enrolled students must attend each class session in its entirety. Failure to attend the first class session in its entirety will result in a drop; failure to attend any subsequent class session in its entirety will result in a withdrawal.

Enrolled students will have until the beginning of the second class session to request a drop by contacting the Office of the Registrar; a student who no longer wishes to remain enrolled after the second class session begins will not be permitted to drop the class but may request a withdrawal from an academic advisor in the Office of Academic Affairs. Withdrawals are permitted up until the last class for this specific course.

LAW 681 v00 Advanced Online Legal Research

LL.M Seminar | 1 credit hour

This course will build on the research techniques learned in U.S. Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing. It will focus on resources available online, including Lexis, Westlaw and the Internet. The course will prepare students to conduct U.S. legal research either in a legal setting in the United States, or abroad. There will be ample time for questions from the students, so that specific topics of interest to the class can be covered.

Note: This course does not satisfy the Legal Research, Writing, and Analysis requirement for eligibility to sit for the New York Bar exam.

The course is graded honors-pass-fail. This class is only open to foreign educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree), and enrollment is limited to a small number of students.

ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY AT ALL CLASS SESSIONS. Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist. All enrolled students must attend each class session in its entirety. Failure to attend the first class session in its entirety will result in a drop; failure to attend any subsequent class session in its entirety may result in a withdrawal.

Enrolled students will have until the beginning of the second class session to request a drop by contacting the Office of the Registrar; a student who no longer wishes to remain enrolled after the second class session begins will not be permitted to drop the class but may request a withdrawal from an academic advisor in the Office of Academic Affairs. Withdrawals are permitted up until the last class for this specific course.

LAW 121 v08 Corporations

LL.M Course | 3 credit hours

Students should note that Corporations is a prerequisite for Advanced Corporate Law, Comparative Corporate Law, Corporate Finance, Securities Regulation, Business Planning Seminar, and corporate law seminars.

This is a basic course in business corporations. Brief coverage is given to factors bearing on choice of organization, including partnership attributes, process of corporate formation, corporate privileges and powers, corporate capital structure, and limited liability. Close examination is given to the governance structure of the corporation and the fiduciary obligations of directors and officers. The particular nature of the public corporation is explored. Topics studied may include stock trading by corporate insiders, transactions in corporation control, and the procedural problems in stockholder derivative suits. Along with a focus on such policy questions as federal-state jurisdiction, the nature of the corporate governance system, and the role of the corporation in modern society, the course deals with the role of the lawyer in corporate matters.

This course will presume familiarity with the basic vocabulary and fundamental concepts of corporate law and focus on salient divergent features of US corporate law.

Note: This section is for foreign-educated LL.M.s only. J.D. students and LL.M. students who received their law degrees in the U.S. MAY NOT register for this course.

LAW 121 v09 Corporations

LL.M Course | 3 credit hours

Students should note that Corporations is a prerequisite for Advanced Corporate Law, Comparative Corporate Law, Corporate Finance, Securities Regulation, Business Planning Seminar, and corporate law seminars.

This is a basic course in business organizations with a primary focus on corporations and including a brief examination of limited liability companies. Throughout the course, students will consider the role of lawyers in corporate matters. Brief coverage is given to factors bearing on choice of organization, including process of corporate formation, corporate privileges and powers, corporate capital structure, and limited liability. Close examination is given to the governance structure of the corporation and the obligations of directors and officers. The particular nature of the public corporation is explored. Topics studied may include stock trading by corporate insiders, transactions in corporation control, the procedural problems in stockholder derivative suits, and judicial disregard of the corporate form.

Note: This section is for foreign-educated LL.M.s only. J.D. students and LL.M. students who received their law degrees in the U.S. MAY NOT register for this course.

LAW 160 v04 Drafting Contracts

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

This course introduces foreign-educated LL.M. students to the principles, processes and techniques for drafting contracts in the United States, but with a cross-border, multi-country setting. Students will develop skills in reading and interpreting a contract and will thereby better understand the function of its component provisions. Students will learn how to draft contract provisions with precision and clarity. Among the topics covered will be: the structure of the contract, representations, covenants, conditions, allocation of risk, incentives, stipulative provisions, remedies, enforceability, and applicable law. The course will address the lawyer’s role in deal-making, including the negotiation of the contract’s terms and related ethical and practical aspects of transactional practice. Some attention will be devoted to characteristics of U.S. legal culture that contribute to the distinct features of its contracts.

Note: The course is graded pass-fail. This class is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

FIRST-CLASS ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY.  Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist.

LAW 160 v07 Drafting Contracts

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

This course introduces foreign-educated LL.M. students to the principles, processes and techniques for drafting contracts in the United States. Students will develop skills in reading and interpreting a contract and will thereby better understand the function of its component provisions. Students will learn how to draft contract provisions with precision and clarity. Among the topics covered will be: the structure of the contract, representations, covenants, conditions, allocation of risk, incentives, stipulative provisions, remedies, enforceability, and applicable law. The course will address the lawyer’s role in deal-making, including the negotiation of the contract’s terms and related ethical and practical aspects of transactional practice. Some attention will be devoted to characteristics of U.S. legal culture that contribute to the distinct features of its contracts.

Note: The course is graded pass-fail. This class is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

FIRST-CLASS ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY.  Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist.

LAW 3001 v00 Evidence

LL.M Course | 3 credit hours

This course provides a general survey of the rules of evidence and the reasons underlying these rules with a particular emphasis on the Federal Rules of Evidence.

Included are the subjects of relevance, examination of witnesses, privileges, expert testimony, admission and exclusion of evidence, writings, the hearsay rule and its exceptions, and scientific evidence, among other subjects relating to the regulation of proof at trials.

The course, taught by a former federal judge who was also a prosecutor, will focus on the actual problems confronted in trials when evidence is offered at those trials. The course intends to equip students with the practical working knowledge that can be used to try a case competently.

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students may not receive credit for both this course and the J.D. course, Evidence.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 002 v04 Foundations of American Law

LL.M Course | 2 credit hours

This course introduces foreign-educated LL.M. students to the basics of American law and to the special dynamics of the U.S. legal classroom before they begin a full schedule of classes in the Fall semester. Students will learn about the U.S. legal system, common law reasoning, and contemporary legal issues in the United States. This course will teach common law development and the judicial process through a study of traditional law school subjects, including criminal procedure, corporations, contracts, and constitutional law.

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students may not receive credit for both this course and Introduction to U.S. Legal Systems.

Note: Note: This course is only open to foreign-trained LL.M. students who will be starting the LL.M. program in Fall 2022. This class is graded on a pass/fail basis.

LAW 2056 v00 Intensive Legal English Program

LL.M Course | credit hours

Intensive Legal English Program (no credits)


Instructors: Andrew Kerr, Julie Lake, Almas Khan


Intensive Legal English Program (non-credit) consists of a three-week intensive written and oral communication skills curriculum. The curriculum focuses on English language skills needed to succeed in the LL.M. program. Students will enhance their daily, academic and professional English skills, as well as their understanding of U.S. legal culture.


This program is limited to 20 students. The faculty has a wide range of practical and academic experience and will work closely with students in classroom instruction and individual conferences four days a week and planned excursions in the Washington, DC area one day a week. The small class size, high faculty-to-student ratio and pre- and post-program assessments will allow each student to receive individualized feedback and attention to work toward his or her professional and academic goals in the use of legal English. Upon successful completion of the program, students will receive a Certificate in Professional Legal English.

Questions: Contact the Legal English Program Director, slep@law.georgetown.edu

Prerequisite: Prerequisite: Foundations of American Law

LAW 2036 v00 Introduction to Contracts

LL.M Course | 3 credit hours

This course will introduce students to a substantive area of American law: contracts. This course exposes students to the major themes in contract law. Specifically, we will cover contract formation, breach of contract, and contract remedies. Focusing exclusively on the common law, this class will familiarize students with the basic concepts of offer, acceptance, consideration, performance, breach, remedies, and third party issues.

Learning objectives:

To understand the fundamental principles of the law of contracts.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 2029 v01 Introduction to Torts

LL.M Course | 2 credit hours

This course will introduce students to the American law of torts. It will focus on the basics of common law negligence, and explore five major areas: duty, breach of duty, causation, affirmative defenses and damages. The course will also cover two other specific types of tort claims - medical malpractice and products liability - and their relationship to the common law negligence cause of action.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-trained LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 2029 v00 Introduction to Torts (Two-Year Program)

LL.M Course | 3 credit hours

This course will introduce students to the American law of torts. It will focus first on negligence, and explore five major areas: duty, breach of duty, scope of liability, affirmative defenses and damages. It will then use product liability law as an example of the imposition of strict tort liability.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-trained LL.M. students (i.e. those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 3030 v00 Introduction to U.S. Civil Procedure

LL.M Course | 3 credit hours

This course covers the major topics that arise in litigating civil cases in the federal courts of the United States. Following an introduction to the structure and process for judicial review in the federal and state courts, the readings and discussions will cover personal and subject matter jurisdiction in federal court and the litigation process (e.g. pleadings, motions practice, discovery, joinder of parties and claims, etc.), related statutory requirements and provisions, scope of litigation issues, problems of mixed federal and state law claims, what law applies in federal court, the right to a jury trial and the preclusion doctrines (claim/issue). The course may also provide a general overview of the appellate process.

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students may not receive credit for both this course and the J.D. course, Civil Procedure.

Note: Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 730 v00 Introduction to U.S. Constitutional Law

LL.M Course | 2-3 credit hours

This course provides an overview of the major constitutional cases over the last 200 years. A portion of the course focuses on how the Constitution affects the fundamental structure of American government. Particular attention will be paid to the critical balances of power between the Federal and state governments (federalism) and among the three branches of the Federal government. The rest of the course will focus on individual rights, with particular emphasis on individual rights in the areas of equal protection, and substantive due process.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

For the Fall sections, FIRST CLASS ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY.  Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist.

LAW 730 v04 Introduction to U.S. Constitutional Law

LL.M Course | 3 credit hours

The United States Constitution is the basic charter between the American people and their national government. This course will introduce you to some of the foundational legal concepts and questions surrounding that document. We will examine those concepts and questions primarily by reading decisions of the United States Supreme Court that interpret and apply the Constitution.   

In the first part of the course, we will focus on the Constitution’s provisions that create the structure of the federal government. We will learn how those provisions divide power between the federal and state governments and separate the powers granted to the federal government among its three branches. We will also examine the scope of the powers granted to the President and Congress. 

In the second portion of the course, we will study the Constitution’s protections for individual rights. The focus of that study will be the guarantees of equal protection, due process, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion found in the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

For the Fall sections, FIRST CLASS ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY.  Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist. 

LAW 978 v00 Introduction to U.S. Legal Systems

LL.M Course | 2 credit hours

This course introduces students to the institutions, methods, and practices at the core of the American common-law legal system. During the first half of the course we will focus on the Judicial Branch of the Government. We will examine the structure and boundaries of judicial power; the procedural mechanisms through which that power is exercised; and the ways in which common-law courts make (or decline to make) law. We will pay close attention to the political and social contexts in which the cases that we study arise, and we will consider how changing contexts affect the judicial decision-making process. During the second half of the course, we will turn our attention to the Legislative Branch of the Government, with special attention to problems of statutory construction. We will examine the tools—both legal and linguistic—that common-law courts employ when called upon to determine the proper interpretation of a statute.

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students may not receive credit for both this course and Foundations of American Law.

Note: This course is graded honors-pass-fail and is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 978 v01 Introduction to U.S. Legal Systems

LL.M Course | 2 credit hours

This course introduces students to the institutions, methods, and practices at the core of the American common-law legal system. During the first half of the course we will focus on the Judicial Branch of the Government. We will examine the structure and boundaries of judicial power; the procedural mechanisms through which that power is exercised; and the ways in which common-law courts make (or decline to make) law. We will pay close attention to the political and social contexts in which the cases that we study arise, and we will consider how changing contexts affect the judicial decision-making process. During the second half of the course, we will turn our attention to the Legislative Branch of the Government, with special attention to problems of statutory construction. We will examine the tools—both legal and linguistic—that common-law courts employ when called upon to determine the proper interpretation of a statute.

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students may not receive credit for both this course and Foundations of American Law.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 987 v00 LAWA Graduate Seminar

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

This seminar, for graduate fellows in the Leadership and Advocacy for Women in Africa (LAWA) Program, provides students with the opportunity to enhance their legal research and writing skills in connection with a major research paper to be finalized in the spring semester. Each student focuses on a specific women's human rights issue within that student's country of origin, analyzes the domestic legal framework in light of international human rights standards, and proposes recommendations for both legal and other types of remedies using international and regional human rights mechanisms. The students begin with a topic, and from there develop a topic statement, a thesis, a thesis statement, a skeletal and detailed outline and an introduction to their paper. Students undertake intensive research into their theses, and also develop a bibliography. This class lays the groundwork for students to write a major legal research paper during the spring semester.

Note: Enrollment in this course is limited to LAWA Fellows.

LAW 2060 v00 LAWA Graduate Seminar II

LL.M Seminar | 3 credit hours

Students will produce a substantive paper comprising not less than 40 pages, addressing a current violation of African women’s human rights, and including innovative and practical solutions targeted to the various branches of government, civil society, and individual women. Students will develop their theses in consideration of the social, religious, cultural and economic conditions of the country or countries addressed. The first half of the course will examine comparative women’s human rights on the specific topics selected by the students during LAWA Seminar I. The second half of the course will be dedicated to the oral presentation of research papers and discussion of these paper topics, including preparation for presentations before both USAID and Congressional staff. This course is open only to Fellows in the Leadership and Advocacy for Women in Africa Program.

Note: This course is part of the following graduate programs: International Legal Studies LL.M.

Enrollment in this course is limited to LAWA Fellows.

LAW 682 v01 Presentation Skills for Lawyers Seminar (International LL.M.)

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

This seminar focuses on the communication skills lawyers are required to master. The seminar includes work on the preparation and presentation of informational briefings and persuasive speeches to both expert and lay audiences, from a listening perspective. The seminar does not address trial or appellate advocacy skills. In addition to lecture/discussions of the principles and techniques, students deliver presentations which are video-recorded, analyzed and critiqued by the seminar participants and the professor.

Learning objectives:

Upon completion of this course, students will have an understanding of and enhanced professional skill in creating and presenting listenable presentations.

Note: This class is only open to foreign educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree). This course is graded on a pass/fail basis.

LAW 2026 v00 Professional Responsibility Law in the United States

LL.M Course | 2 credit hours

This course provides a practical and practice-oriented approach to the ethical, moral, and social issues that lawyers deal with in the practice of law. The primary objectives are to prepare students to recognize ethical problems when they arise; identify the applicable authorities – in particular the rules of professional conduct – that are most likely to bear on the matter; and arrive at a sound resolution. Necessary to these ends will be consideration of the ways in which the ethics rules address the often competing interests of clients, opposing parties, non-parties, the justice system as a whole, and lawyers themselves. 

Class discussions will focus primarily on the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Rules of Professional Conduct and the ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct. Because disciplinary matters are largely the responsibility of state supreme courts, most of the cases we will discuss arise under the ethics rules adopted by individual states (which are often based on, but not always identical to, the ABA Model Rules). We will also discuss a limited number of federal cases that implicate ethical issues, including the recusal of judges and First Amendment considerations.

Although particular attention will be placed on the ABA Model Rules and other authorities that govern the resolution of ethical issues, some attention will be paid to putting the subject in a setting that encompasses both a macroscopic view of the role of lawyers in society and a more earth-bound understanding of the processes by which the professional responsibilities of lawyers are enforced. 

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree). The summer section of this course is graded on a pass-fail basis. The fall and spring sections of this course are graded on an honors-pass-fail basis. There will be a scheduled take-home exam, date TBA. 

LAW 2026 v03 Professional Responsibility Law in the United States

LL.M Course | 2 credit hours

This course addresses the ethical requirements that govern admission to the bar and the practice of law in the United States. The issues that we will explore are subject to specific (although often vague) rules that govern attorney behavior.

Our focus is on the American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct, a version of which has been adopted in virtually every State. In practice, an attorney’s ethical conduct is governed by the rules of each court that admits the attorney to practice. Class preparation will include review of the rule or rules and comments to the rules assigned for class. You should also review the assigned handouts for class as set forth below.

It is of crucial importance for each student to understand some foundational aspects of the American legal system. It is an adversary system in which the primary (but not sole) obligations are owed to the attorney’s clients. These obligations are set forth in Rules 1.1 through 1.16. Attorneys also owe obligations to courts, opposing and third parties and to the system of justice itself. The Rules that we will study from 3.1 to 8.5 will address these obligations.

It is also of crucial importance to understand that there are separate State and Federal Courts in the American judicial system. An attorney’s initial admission to practice is before the highest court of a State. The attorney may then be admitted to practice before the courts of other States and the various Federal trial and appellate courts.

Each court that admits an attorney to practice has adopted rules of professional conduct and has the authority to impose discipline for violation of its ethical rules.

Attorneys also may be subject to civil liability for professional lapses and criminal liability for violation of the law.

The exam is a take-home examination that will be graded on an honors-pass-fail basis. The possible course grades are high pass, pass and fail.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree). This course is graded on an honors-pass-fail basis. There will be a scheduled take-home exam, date TBA.

LAW 2026 v04 Professional Responsibility Law in the United States

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours


This course provides a practical and practice-oriented approach to the ethical, moral, and social issues that lawyers deal with in the practice of law. The primary objectives are to prepare students to recognize ethical problems when they arise; identify the applicable authorities – in particular the rules of professional conduct – that are most likely to bear on the matter; and arrive at a sound resolution. Necessary to these ends will be consideration of the ways in which the ethics rules address the often competing interests of clients, opposing parties, non-parties, the justice system as a whole, and lawyers themselves. 

Class discussions will focus primarily on the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Rules of Professional Conduct and the ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct. Because disciplinary matters are largely the responsibility of state supreme courts, most of the cases we will discuss arise under the ethics rules adopted by individual states (which are often based on, but not always identical to, the ABA Model Rules). We will also discuss a limited number of federal cases that implicate ethical issues, including the recusal of judges and First Amendment considerations.

Although particular attention will be placed on the ABA Model Rules and other authorities that govern the resolution of ethical issues, some attention will be paid to putting the subject in a setting that encompasses both a macroscopic view of the role of lawyers in society and a more earth-bound understanding of the processes by which the professional responsibilities of lawyers are enforced. 

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree). This course is graded on an honors-pass-fail basis. There will be a scheduled take-home exam, date TBA.

LAW 3055 v00 Scholarly Writing: African Women's Human Rights Issues

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

This course introduces students to scholarly legal writing, focusing on African women’s human rights topics. Students will be introduced to legal research techniques for selecting and narrowing their topics. These strategies will help students to develop a "kernel," which is a well-researched and well-written 10-page background section of their thesis. In addition to regular class meetings to discuss research strategies, outlining techniques, organization tools, use of footnotes for authority and attribution, and audience expectations, students will meet with the professor to discuss the progress of their writing. Students will receive written feedback from the professor on each submission. Students will be required to research and write at least 10 pages combining scholarship with their original thoughts or experiences on their topics. At least two drafts must be submitted and revised during the course to receive a passing grade.

Prerequisite: Foundations of American Law.

Note: This course is graded pass-fail. During Summer 2022, this course is restricted to the Leadership and Advocacy for Women from Africa (LAWA) fellowship students. Attendance is mandatory at all class sessions.

LAW 3070 v00 The United States Constitution: A Historical Perspective

LL.M Course | 1 credit hour

This course will provide students with a historical framework for understanding how the United States Constitution reached its current form. Students will focus on the ways in which political processes and social forces impacted constitutional developments in the United States. Constitutional norms will be covered in passing, while the primary focus will be on events unfolding in American society as the legal concepts came into existence. 

The course is designed for foreign-trained LL.M. students and will provide participants with a conceptual framework for better understanding Constitutional Law I. 

Note: The course is graded pass-fail and is only open to foreign educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY AT ALL CLASS SESSIONS. Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist. All enrolled students must attend each class session in its entirety. Failure to attend the first class session in its entirety will result in a drop; failure to attend any subsequent class session in its entirety will result in a withdrawal.

Enrolled students will have until the beginning of the second class session to request a drop by contacting the Office of the Registrar; a student who no longer wishes to remain enrolled after the second class session begins will not be permitted to drop the class but may request a withdrawal from an academic advisor in the Office of Academic Affairs. Withdrawals are permitted up until the last class for this specific course.

LAW 2039 v00 U.S. Criminal Procedure

LL.M Course | 2 credit hours

An examination of the basic Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendment principles that govern the interaction of the police and suspects in the investigation of crime. From stop and frisks to coerced confessions, the course will examine the constitutional doctrines developed to regulate police behavior and the admissibility of evidence. The core concepts will include the definition of a “search,” the meaning of probable cause and reasonable suspicion, the requirement of a search warrant and the many exceptions to the warrant requirement, Miranda and related limits on interrogation, and the pre-trial right to counsel. The course will also focus on the role of the courts in enforcing the constitutional guarantees, particularly through the exclusionary rule.

Note: This course is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

FIRST CLASS ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY.  Enrolled students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain enrolled. Waitlisted students must be in attendance at the start of the first class session in order to remain eligible to be admitted off the waitlist.

LAW 844 v06 U.S. Legal Research Analysis & Writing

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

Introduces students to U.S. legal resources, research methods, and analytical paradigms. Assignments give students the opportunity to develop written analyses using the approaches, forms, and conventions common in U.S. law. Students will write a series of documents that are related to their representation of a client in the context of a U.S. law firm. Students will analyze the client's legal position, perform individual legal research on the related law, and write a legal memorandum that will address the client's concerns. Students will also give oral presentations of their research findings. Students will receive individual feedback on both written and oral work.

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students who enroll in this course may not enroll in any other sections of U.S. Legal Research Analysis & Writing (formerly: U.S. Legal Discourse I and II).

Note: The course is graded honors-pass-fail and is only open to foreign-educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

Enrollment is limited to a small number of students.

LAW 844 v07 U.S. Legal Research Analysis & Writing

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

This class will introduce students to U.S. legal resources, research methods, and analytical paradigms, and will give students the opportunity to develop written analysis using the approaches, forms, and conventions common in U.S. law. Students will write a series of documents that are related to their representation of a client in their context of a U.S. law firm, and will give oral presentations of their research findings. Students will receive individual feedback on both written and oral work.

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students who enroll in this course may not enroll in any other sections of U.S. Legal Research Analysis & Writing (formerly: U.S. Legal Discourse I and II).

Note: The course is graded honors-pass-fail and is only open to foreign educated LL.M. students (i.e., those students who do not have a U.S. J.D. degree).

LAW 844 v02 U.S. Legal Research Analysis & Writing (Tax Program)

LL.M Seminar | 2 credit hours

Students will write a series of documents that are related to their representation of a client in the context of a U.S. law firm. Students will analyze the client's legal position, perform individual legal research on the related law, and prepare memoranda that will address the client's concerns. Students will receive individual feedback on their written work. 

Mutually Excluded Courses: Students who enroll in this course may not enroll in any other U.S. Legal Research Analysis & Writing.

Note: This section is for foreign-trained students pursuing an LL.M. in Taxation only. Students will write two research memos. An in-class midterm exam will be given on Tuesday, September 19, 2023.